The relative risk of noncervical high-risk human papillomavirus-related (pre)malignancies after recurrent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3: A population-based study

Women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3) have a long-lasting increased risk for noncervical high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV)-related (pre)malignancies. The aim of our study was to estimate this risk in women with recurrent CIN3 compared to women without a history of CIN3 and women with a single episode of CIN3. Women with a CIN3 diagnosis between 1990 and 2010 were obtained from the Dutch Pathology Registry (PALGA) and matched with a control group of women without CIN3. Analysis has been conducted in a subset of women with recurrent CIN3, defined as reoccurrence minimally 2 years post-treatment. Cases of noncervical hrHPV-related (pre)malignancies of the anus, vulva, vagina and oropharynx were identified until 2015 and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were estimated. Then, 1,797 women with recurrent CIN3 were included with a median age of 34 years (range 18–76) and 31,594 person-years of follow-up. Women with recurrent CIN3 had an increased risk of developing noncervical hrHPV-related (pre)malignancies compared to women without CIN3 with an IRR of 25.96 (95%CI 6.32–106.58). The IRR was 2.48 (95% CI 1.87–3.30) compared to women with a single episode of CIN3. Studies on posttreatment follow-up and prophylactic hrHPV vaccination are warranted.     

大承气汤足浴和足底穴位按摩护理干预改善肿瘤切除术后化疗引起便秘临床观察

目的观察大承气汤足浴和足底穴位按摩护理干预对改善肿瘤切除术引起便秘的效果。方法选择2017年1月—2018年1月收治的60例住院患者,进行肿瘤切除术后随机均分为观察组和对照组,对照组给予一般护理干预,观察组在对照组的基础上使用大承气汤足浴和足底穴位按摩辅助治疗,观察患者术后便秘情况的发生率和治疗效果,对数据进行统计分析。结果对照组和观察组患者的便秘发生率有显著差异(P<0.05),对照组和观察组患者的粪便性状有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论应用大承气汤足浴和足底穴位按摩护理干预可改善肿瘤切除术后引起的便秘情况,值得推广使用。     

原发性卵巢非霍奇金淋巴瘤1例及相关文献复习

目的:探讨原发性卵巢弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤的病因、临床表现、诊断、治疗及预后。方法:报道1例原发性卵巢弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤的临床病理资料及术后免疫组化结果，并阅读及复习国内外相关文献。结果:该例患者为（右）卵巢弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤，积极治疗后现考虑肿瘤复发。结论:原发性卵巢弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤罕见，确诊依赖于术后病理及免疫组化，预后不佳，常采用以手术为主，辅以化疗和放疗的综合治疗。     

miRNA调控实体肿瘤发生发展机制研究进展

microRNA（miRNA）是广泛存在于动物、植物、微生物体内，在转录后水平调控mRNA翻译和降解的内源性染色体编码的小分子RNA。研究证实miRNA对实体肿瘤细胞的发生、增殖、分化、侵袭及转移均具有重要意义。目前miRNA与肿瘤相关性的研究主要集中在检测实体肿瘤组织或体液中miRNA的表达量，明确其对于肿瘤发生、发展的意义；寻找具有临床意义的miRNA靶点，并通过调控其表达抑制肿瘤增殖与转移。miRNA检测方法的进步，也为临床检测miRNA提供了可能。本文对miRNA在实体肿瘤发生发展的作用及其调控机制、以及未来研究方向作综述。     

The role of transforming growth factor-beta in immune suppression and chronic inflammation of squamous cell carcinomas

Despite a decline in the incidence of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) over the past 20 years, their survival rate has remained nearly the same, indicating that treatment options have not improved relative to other cancer types. Immunotherapies have a high potential for a sustained effect in SCC patients, but their response rate is low. Here, we review the suppressive role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) on the antitumor immune response in SCC and present its potential as a therapeutic target in combination with the current range of immunotherapies available for SCC patients. We conclude that SCCs are an optimal cancer type to study the effectiveness of TGFβ inhibition due to the prevalence of dysregulated TGFβ signaling in them.     

基于TCGA数据库分析肿瘤突变负荷在肌层浸润性膀胱癌预后评估中的价值

目的：探讨肿瘤突变负荷（TMB）在肌层浸润性膀胱癌（MIBC）预后评估中的价值。方法：从TCGA数据库下载MIBC测序数据，结合临床数据分析TMB在MIBC中的临床意义，从TMB分组中识别出差异表达的免疫相关基因进行预后分析；另外采用非负矩阵分解CIBERSORT算法确定免疫细胞与TMB亚型之间的相关性。结果：纳入的375例MIBC患者样品中单核苷酸多态性（SNP）和C > T是最常见的错义突变；TP53、TTN、KMT2D、MUC16、ARID1A基因的突变率较高；与低TMB组MIBC患者相比，高TMB组的患者预后较好（P < 0.01）；以KIR2DL4、IL1RL1、SSTR5构建的COX回归模型中低风险组MIBC患者较高风险组预后更佳，曲线下面积（ROC）为0.71；与正常膀胱组织相比，高TMB组的CD8⁺ T细胞、活化的CD4⁺ T细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞表达较高，而在低TMB组中记忆B细胞及未活化的肥大细胞表达比例较高（P < 0.05）。结论：TMB较高的MIBC患者可能在免疫治疗中获得较好的预后，TMB具有预测肿瘤免疫治疗疗效的潜在应用价值；还发现了不同组分的免疫细胞在TMB分组的MIBC肿瘤微环境中存在表达差异。     

2020年ASCO《卵巢上皮性癌胚系和体细胞肿瘤检测指南》解读

        2020年初美国临床肿瘤学会（American Society of Clinical Oncology，ASCO）首次在Journal of Clinical Oncology发布了《卵巢上皮性癌胚系和体细胞肿瘤检测指南》［1］。该指南以2007—2019年间发表的6篇Meta分析、11篇随机对照试验、2篇观察性研究的相关文献为主要参考依据，为卵巢上皮性癌肿瘤基因突变检测相关临床应用和实施提供了指导和建议。该指南的框架架构由背景、方法、结果、推荐、医患沟通、健康差异、成本影响等十几个板块组成，主要阐述了3个主要问题：应在哪些个体中进行胚系和体细胞突变肿瘤风险评估、咨询和基因检测，哪些胚系基因突变已经被证明对卵巢癌临床治疗有指导价值，以及最合适的卵巢癌基因突变检测时机。本文对该指南进行剖析和解读，以期为卵巢癌基因检测的临床应用提供相关依据和指导，为卵巢癌的规范诊治提供借鉴，也为国内同道制定相关指南提供参考。 浏览更多请关注本刊微信公众号及当期杂志。